Marketing strategy development Unilever Group

Question: Examine about the Marketing Strategy Development Unilever Group. Answer: Presentation The current report will examine about the administration of the showcasing for Unilever Group which is one of the most well known organization. There is a gigantic contrast in the promoting and the board of an organization yet they are profoundly interrelated to one another. The showcasing of an item alludes to ad and advancement of the items and administrations to make it natural to the current and expected clients. While the administration of organization alludes to an orderly game plan of the considerable number of exercises so the organization can limit its information and amplifies its yield. The administration of advertising alludes to a circumstance where an organization chooses to deal with the promoting plans and procedures of an organization. In this report, top to bottom conversations will happen on Unilever Group and its showcasing the executives. As the business condition is changing, there is a need to refresh the showcasing the board of organization like Unilever bunch which is a worldwide brand for customer merchandise. It is a main organization that has an immense number of clients everywhere throughout the world. Because of this, the degree of rivalry is likewise expanded and the organization is confronting issues and issues in accomplishing upper hand against the contenders. The rationale of this organization is to support in the current and furthermore in the new markets of various nations. To accomplish this objective, the organization needs to receive new procedures and approaches to draw in new clients. The focal point of Unilever Group is to accomplish large targets and make novel character. A review of the organization Unilever Group Unilever Group is one of the main organizations of customer merchandise. This organization is a British-Dutch organization which is headquartered in London, Rotterdam, and Netherlands, United Kingdom. This organization is managing an immense assortment of shopper merchandise items like drinks, food things, milk items, cleaning, makeup, individual consideration items, and so forth in the year 2012; it was discovered that this organization is the universes third biggest organization for the buyers great. Around then, the organizations of the buyer merchandise that are additionally the greatest contenders of Unilever Group are Procter Gambles and settle. At present likewise, Unilever Group is the third biggest yet the organization is making a decent attempt to reach to initially position. Nonetheless, Unilever Group is probably the biggest organization who is fabricating and creating nourishments and drinks things. It is additionally a most seasoned organization for the customer products. Unilever Group bargains in excess of 190 nations and it has in excess of 40 brands that are working under this brand. The significant focal point of Unilever Group is on its principle brands like Ice-creams, dove, Surf, Lux, Omo, Magnum, Flora, Sunsilk, Heart brand and so on. These are the top selling brands of Unilever Group (Gummesson, 2002). Industry of the organization As talked about over, the business of the current organization is buyer acceptable organization that manages the products and ventures. The organization that manages the purchaser merchandise creates such items that achieve the day by day needs of the clients. to have a superior way of life, shoppers need customer merchandise like day by day cleansers, surf, shampoos, eatables, and so forth these are the most selling items present in the purchaser markets. This organization likewise has a place with a similar gathering and fabricates drinks, nourishments items, stuffed things, apparel, and a lot more things that have an immediate use to the clients to have a decent and simple way of life. Motto utilized by the organization to impart the usage to the clients The trademark of Unilever Group is alluring and pleasant it draws in an enormous number of clients that is Feel acceptable, look great, and get increasingly out of life. This is a motto that speak to Unilever bunch as one of the most loved brand of numerous clients. Direction of the market The focal point of Unilever Group is to extend the business sectors of the organization and increment the activities. The organization likewise needs to diminish the effect of the organization on the earth. So as to accomplish this, Unilever Group needs to expand the natural and moral mindfulness in the inner and outside administration of the association. The focal point of the organization is to bring improvement through the inspiration of the workers and furthermore the others identified with Unilever Group (Kasi, 2011). Inspiration is a key factor that causes each association to expand the presentation of the representatives. Unilever Group thought of working together is to investigate the activities first and afterward apply systems on the equivalent. They dissect the market by utilizing various methodologies like SWOT investigation, PESTLE examination, and so on. Thusly, they recognize the inside and outer condition of the organization. A major distinction can be made in the organization through taking activities every day. Thusly, the procedure of market direction happens in Unilever Group (Srinivasan, Vanhuele, Pauwels, 2010). Items The point of the organization is to achieve the day by day needs of each client present in the market. This is the explanation because of which organization is attempting to grow their business association and by and by it is working in excess of 190 nations and serving their clients. the item run for Unilever Group is immense as it giving buyer merchandise as well as merchandise that have become a piece of people groups life like makeup, cleaning things, food things, family items, child items, garments, and numerous different products (Elliot, and Larry, 2011). 5 Cs 1.Company SWOT examination POSITIVE NEGATIVE Inner Qualities Biggest brand and driving association Overall body driving the purchaser products advertise share demonstrate is excessively high transformation plan is exceptionally unbeaten like one Unilever powerful innovative work division Improvement and development of item and administrations effective promotion and utilize reality and genuine individuals Shortcomings the organization don't have any patent for the new and imaginative innovation utilized by the organization gigantic consumption on the advancement and business advertisement Outside Openings Unilever Group has a chance to extend in new and immaculate markets An immense effect on the clients discernment Increment in the interest of items They can likewise bargain in economies that are blasting. Dangers Rivalry log jam in the market of urban countries The impact of government and authority is developing There is support in the situation of brand 2.Customers There is a wide gathering of clients that spread nearly in each nation as this organizations as caught the purchaser products advertise in a successful manner. Unilever Group attempts to provide food all age gathering of individuals by assembling items that can be utilized by everybody. The range for the items starts with infant items and finishes with mature age individuals. The biggest market for Unilever Group is Asian market in which the organization is selling items like dressings, frozen yogurts, antiperspirants, beauty care products, human services, and so on. (Vargo, Lusch, 2004). 3.Collaborators Colleagues alludes to the individuals who are identified with the Unilever Group like their accomplices, clients, providers and so forth these individuals are either straightforwardly or in a roundabout way identified with the tasks of the organization. 4.Competitors It is seen that there are huge contenders present in the buyer divine beings market of the organization like Unilever Group. The contenders that legitimately impact the situation of Unilever Group are P G, Nestle, LOreal, Kraft nourishments, Revlon, Nokia, Palmolive, Colgate, bet co., and so on the situation of Unilever Group is the shoppers showcase is third because of P G and Nestle. So as to be at a first and driving situation in the buyer merchandise, the Unilever bunch needs to change its arrangements and techniques of advertising. They should roll out opportune improvements and bring advancement. The business of shopper merchandise is loaded with little organizations of customer products. Along these lines, the danger of rivalry raise structure the global associations as well as from the little organizations and unmanaged organizations. They give merchandise at less expensive rates. 5.Context- 6.PEST examination Political variables It is pertinent for an organization to have strength in the legislature and political elements. Commonly, Unilever Group needs to confront issues from the European Union. Unilever Group additionally has an open door in different nations as there is a development and improvement in the facilitated commerce connections (Fikri, 2010). Affordable variables As the economies are creating; the advancement is giving chances to the organizations like Unilever Group. The development of the economies helps in encouraging development of this organization. The organization ought to recognize the economies that are steady and exceptionally developing (Parasuraman, Grewal, 2000). Social components Unilever Group is an association where the development and advancement happens with supportability. They care for the general public and furthermore very wellbeing concisions for their clients. Along these lines, they attempt to pull in the clients by giving them chance to utilize the results of such organization. Unilever Group consistently attempts to improve the nature of the items to serve a mass of the individuals. Social factors that sway the offer of the organization are Increment in the wellbeing cognizance Increment in the ecological mindfulness Innovative factor There is a gigantic development in the innovation of the creation of products. This is the greatest difficulties for Unilever Group as the contenders are now receiving new strategies of creation. The developments in robotization, Research and advancement speculations, and so on are the difficulties looked by Unilever Group. Market insight and Market research It is significant for organizations to lead a statistical surveying and recognize the advertising knowledge for the organization. The point of doing so is to produce information and data with respect to the opposition present in the business

Thesis(Research) Proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Postulation( ) - Research Proposal Example While this is the situation, no investigation has been directed about the Chinese students’ experience of acculturative pressure or culture stun in the Canadian condition. This examination looks to fill this information hole. Theory This examination guesses that distinctive natural factors, for example, settlement, spot, and school type sway in transit Chinese understudies in Canada adjust to cultural assimilation stress. Destinations 1. To set up the degree to which Chinese worldwide understudies in Canada experience the ill effects of acculturative worry in their first year study. 2. To build up how Chinese universal understudies in Canada experience the ill effects of acculturative worry in their first year study. 3. To set up the distinctive condition changes that Chinese universal understudies in Canada experience that lead them to encounter acculturative pressure. 4. To think of suggestions that will help Chinese global understudies in Canada conquer acculturative pressu re Research Questions 1. What exactly degree do Chinese worldwide understudies in Canada experience the ill effects of acculturative worry in their first year study? 2. How do Chinese universal understudies in Canada experience the ill effects of acculturative worry in their first year study? 3. ... In view of these bits of knowledge, the approach producers can create compelling arrangements to manage acculturative difficulties. The aftereffects of the investigation might be imperative to Chinese understudies looking to concentrate in remote nations as it might enable them to comprehend what's in store and manage culture stun. Chiefs, principals and teachers of instructive organizations may discover the aftereffects of the investigation significant as they may get an understanding into how to help Chinese understudies in remote conditions adjust quick to new learning situations and societies. Writing Review Over the recent years, the quantity of understudies leaving China to concentrate abroad (mostly the U.S.A., U.K., Australia, and Canada) has been developing at an expected 20% every year (Gu, 2013). A report by China’s Ministry of Education demonstrated that around 340,000 understudies from China looked for instruction abroad in 2011 (Xu, 2012). In 2012 alone, as per t he United Nations, one in each universal understudy was Chinese. Passing by current patterns, it is assessed that there are in excess of 490,000 Chinese understudies in different instructive organizations abroad in 2013 (Xu, 2012). The general pattern toward the inclination to concentrate abroad among Chinese understudies is driven by the conviction that training outside the guests of China is increasingly deliberate and extensive, and that the experience is better than they in any case would get in China. Different understudies are persuaded by the way that they don't need to sit for and breeze through college section tests when they pick to seek after instruction in outside instructive foundations (Anonymous, 2013). Like different migrants, Chinese understudies concentrating in remote nations regularly experience acculturative pressure and its belongings. Acculturative pressure is a

Case Study Analysis Example

Case Study Analysis Example Case Study Analysis â€" Essay Example > Executive SummaryThis report highlights leadership styles and management. The issues addressed in this report discuss the influence of transformational and transactional leadership styles in nursing practice and in the clinical setting. The discussion begins by reviewing a case study that is relevant to leadership style in crisis management within the clinical setting. Further the report gives a brief description of transformational and transactional leadership management styles while discussing the personal attributes and attitudes towards these styles in provisioning care and change with the clinical setting. Transformational leadership style will be discussed at greater lengths while evaluating the case study in question. Broad discussion on these styles of leadership will incorporate; organization structure, multi-disciplinary working environment, change in management style and staff motivation as well as legal and ethical implications arising from clinical management with the advanced technology. IntroductionPossessing leadership skills in the healthcare facility is imperative for clinical managers and head of departments in a hospital to have. According to Burns (1978) a leader needs to have the capability to drive his or her team to change, be effective, dynamic and quick to serve. A leader acts as a role model and inspires his or her followers to become better and professions in what they do. To be an effective leader, one has to first have an extensive understanding about them. A good leader is self-aware he or she understands is strengths and weaknesses and is able effectively manage them for a positive outcome and improved performance. According to Kelly (2011) an effective leader has to be aware of his or her surroundings, the leader needs to develop their own leadership style that will enable them to manage their time, relationships and social awareness with the followers. In order to gain an in depth understanding of the different styles in l eadership and management, it is important for one to first evaluate the association between management and planning, change operations and organizational structure. According to Zane and Prestipino (2004), most hospitals heavily rely on personnel within the organization that hold leadership roles in management and routine operations in the hospital. This is as a result of lack of proper command structures within the hospital’s response plans in arising cases. Having an unreliable command structure in the management of a hospital and relying on few individuals is inadequate since in the event of a critical condition, this may lead to prolonged crisis. It is therefore important that the management team and staff members within the hospital acquire enough knowledge and technical knowhow on ways in which they can all work as a team when responding to disasters. This essay discusses effective management and leadership styles for quality and affordable health care during emergencies an d normal circumstances while incorporating advanced technology in the health care system. A number of issues relate to change in management style along with examples from the case study will be evaluated. Leadership Styles in Clinical ManagementThis report will analyze the two types of leadership roles. These include the Transformational and transactional leadership styles. Turner (1998) describes these two leadership roles as follows; Transformational leadership is a way of governing an institution whereby the leader or manager makes use of his or her personality to change or transform the lives of people as well as use his or her leadership qualities in challenging the ways of thinking by using resources and new ideas within an organization. Transactional leadership on the other hand a system of governing whereby the leader takes control of an organization by using the knowledge acquired in their field of specialization to achieve high performance results.

Historical Racial Issues of Broadcast Television - 699 Words

Broadcast television has had to engage with and adapt to issues of race over the years. Especially around the time of the Civil Rights Movement, broadcast networks began to face public backlash over the representation of African Americans on television or the lack thereof. In the early 1960s, the NBC affiliate station WLBT in Jackson Mississippi refused to show The Nat King Cole Show or civil rights coverage (Hilmes, 269). Many people were upset by this because it was yet another way for the South to discount the citizenship of African Americans. The FCC ruled that the station had to have a balanced presentation of racial issues under the Fairness Doctrine. Eventually WLBT’s license was not renewed because of poor public service to a racial group. As time went on, there was less outright refusal to broadcast African American programming, but their role in the American family was still a tentative one. All in the Family, which ran from 1971 to 1979 on CBS, dealt with sensitive topics in the nation such as race. The main character Archie was a conservative with many prejudices against liberals and African Americans. The show aimed to shine a light on these issues by pointing out how absurd it was to hold to such views (Hilmes, 276). However, some critics claim that while liberals may have had a laugh at Archies sentiments, there were those who agreed with his radical views and were glad to see them being voiced on television. While this show took the right steps to combatShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Situation Analysis of Martin Luther Kings Dream Speech744 Words   |  3 PagesAugust 28, 1963 on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C., Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered a 17-minute public speech to over 200,000 supporters of the Civil Rights Movement. King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech was a response to continued racial bias nearly 100 years after the end of slavery and a call to action, meant to unify the country in the fight to end segregation. King used his time at the historic event to urge Americans, of all races, to work together throughout the country to ensureRead MoreUse Of Propaganda During World War II1719 Words   |  7 Pagesagainst African Americans. During World War II, the Japanese used propaganda in slogans, articles, and even had a radio broadcast referred to as the â€Å"Negro Propaganda Operations† that was aimed to cause racial tension in the United States. A study of this broadcast was done by Sato Masaharu and Kushner Barak called, ‘Negro Propaganda Operations’: Japan’s Short-Wave Radio Broadcasts for World War II Black Americans. It referred to World War II as a â€Å"psychological war, waged on national and internationalRead MoreTelevision And Radio Stations Should Be Banned From Repeatedly Saying The Name Of The Washington Redskins1360 Words   |  6 Pagescould be banned from the air. I selected this particular topic because I am a fan of the National Football League and I believe that this is a topic that will spark a larger debate in the very near future. Research †¢ What is the history of the issue? Over the past 30 years, there has been a national debate as to whether school and professional sports teams should use Native American imagery and names as their mascots. Teams in every sport, at every level of competition, have a mascot. It is theRead MoreThe Tragic Story of Trayvon Martin1027 Words   |  4 Pagescriminal activities. The night a young men life was lost, because he was stereotyped and racial profiled by George Zimmerman. The event had a big impact on Americans mainly African American with question and obsession of what was really happening. I will address the issues on how this story became national, how the stand your ground law played a big part in this story, and how race was the biggest issue in this historical event. On February 26, 2012 in Stanford, Fl, Martin was coming from the store withRead Moreâ€Å"a Comparison of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’S ‘I Have a Dream’ Speech and ‘Letter from a Birmingham Jail’†.1444 Words   |  6 Pagesof a second class citizenship by reasons of race, color or origin. In effort to condemn all acts of racial discrimination, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote several letters and gave inspirational speeches during his lifetime and strived to persuade governmental leaders to remove social barriers of segregation, acts of voter suppression especially in the southern states, and remote acts of racial violence against African Americans. Two of his pieces noticeably stand out as his greatest works, a â€Å"letterRead MoreEffects of Television as Mass Media on Children of 10 Years1893 Words   |  8 Pageswhose sole intention is reaching a vast audience through mass communication. There are two major categories of mass media, whi ch are, broadcast media and print media. Transmission of information by broadcast media is via electronic means while transmission of information by print media is via physical means. Broadcast media comprise of radio, film, CDs, television, and many more. Print media comprise of magazines, newspapers, newsletters, leaflets, books, pamphlets and brochures. â€Å"Effect† is a termRead MoreEssay on Nonviolence or Violence: Which Was More Effective?1425 Words   |  6 Pagesaccomplishments to African Americans such as the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. The key issues that African Americans fought for were voting rights, integration and racial equality. They were tired of the discrimination and humiliation they received as a result of the segregation laws imposed on them. â€Å"State laws mandated racial separation in schools, parks, playgrounds, restaurants, hotels, public transportation, theaters, restrooms and so on† (Blumberg 40)Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1936 Words   |  8 Pageshumorously make a political point regarding the treatment of African Americans in America, provided a platform for discussions in classrooms across the country regarding racism. Twain could not have foreseen that racism continues to be a relevant issue in American society in 2016. Ethnocentrism, or the belief in the inherent superiority of one’s own culture remains a predominate opinion in many white Americans. The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s successfully procured rights for African AmericansRead MoreEssay on Pocahontas2785 Words   |  12 Pagesunsympathetic to racial minorities. Their answer was a movie whose sole purpose, as stated by Disney, was to promote racial tolerance. The question is, then can a movie promote racial tolerance when the issue is built on false history, history that if told accurately would depict the exact opposite? [2] First, I feel that it is important to establish exactly what Disney’s intentions were in making the film. Secondly, I intend to show that Disney provided enough historical information thatRead MoreEvaluation of Religion in America1565 Words   |  7 Pagesallows people the freedom to live whatever life they can dream up, including practicing the religion of their choice without the threat of persecution which is in the constitution. However, since this country is a white majority nation there are some issues with religious and ethnic others. This paper will explore the two frequent claims about religion in America: America is a land of religious liberty and freedom as the First Amendment states and if America is a Christian nation but to elaborate further

The African American Civil Rights Movement - 756 Words

soldier uniform in the daily life for a long time. One time, when he was in the church, priest said him â€Å"why did you wear this clown costume†. He described this period as extremely disappointing for him. Another significant circumstance was the African-American civil rights movement in US in those years. Until the age of eighteen, he had never thought about ethnicity or cultural differences. After 1968, African-American movement turned to be seen in Milwaukee. He met with Father Grouppi*, but he did not support him and his followers. For a long time, he had not appreciated the African American civil rights movement. Moreover, he would think that this movement aggravates the racial segregation in society. In contrast, today he thinks differently concerning ethnic discrimination in US. He reported that African-Americans are right in the most cases, and discrimination still exists towards them. However, he still finds over emphasis of cultural or ethnic differences could be harmful to the society in some way. He said that if it is constantly pointed out, people are not able to feel the unity. Life-changing evidence regarding the racial discrimination occurred in Japan in 1987. When he was in Japan for a business trip, one night he went to the karaoke bar for entertainment. In the bar, somehow people understood his ethnicity and many people started yelling at him. For the first time, he recognized what the discrimination means. He felt awful and had an insight about how badShow MoreRelatedThe African-American Civil Rights Movement1295 Words   |  5 Pages The African-American Civil Rights Movement is arguably the largest and most successful push towards toward change in American history. The movement was influenced by some of the biggest figures in American history as well, led by Martin Luther King Jr. and influenced by others such as president Kennedy and Johnson. Amongst the numerous protests and powerful speeches during the Civil Rights Movement perhaps the most prominent is the series of three marches in 1965 known today as the â€Å"Selma to Montgomery†Read MoreThe African American Civil Right Movement1040 Words   |  5 PagesThe African American Civil right movement in the late 1950’s and throughout the 1960’s was a powerful fight for equal opportunities to the basic rights and privileges outlined by the US government. During this movement thousands of African American individuals and those who believed in the power of the movement, battled against the piercing white supremacy through various tactics including grass root movements. The grass root movements in the 60’s was characterized by organizations of individualsRead MoreThe African American Civil Rights Movement1450 Words   |  6 PagesThe African American civil rights movement was a long journey for African American nationwide. The success involved many people, hardships and time in order to advance the African American community in America. The purpose of the movement was to achieve their rights, cease discrimination, and racial segregation. During the start of the African American civil rights movement, Africans Americans still were faced with Jim Crow laws which segregated them from whites. Under the Jim Crow laws AfricanRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1260 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans have fought for equality for a long period of time against desegregation and racism. It was an era where blacks couldn’t have the same rights as a white individual. African American were treated with hate and anger. The Civil Rights Movement is embodied in dramatic recorded speeches. Speeches like â€Å"I have A Dream†, the â€Å"Black Revolution†, and â€Å"Black Power’ and Coalition Politics. These speeches were written by great leaders. Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, and Bayard RustingRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1624 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the early 1950’s and 1960’s, the civil rights movement defined how African Americ ans progressed from being considered second class citizens to a unified demographic who became more endowed to handle the high tensions between them and the white segregationists. After World War II, protests began to rise between the 1950’s and 1960’s. The large number of blacks that served in the military or worked in the war industry saw that they had a greater place in the world than they had been given inRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1623 Words   |  7 Pages African Americans were brought to America during the colonial days by Britain, before the civil war, as slaves. They were the foundation of slave economy, being auctioned off and sold, with no thought given to their opinions, families, or lives. Throughout American history, African Americans have slowly fought their way towards where they are today. Their fight has developed into the Civil Rights Movement in the 1900s. Many historians would agree that the start of the Civil Rights Movement happenedRead MoreAfrican American Civil Rights Movement1594 Words   |  7 Pagesblack power movement in American Civil Rights Movement. Violence is a physical force intended to hurt someone. Politics is a platform where the wellbeing is thought for the citizens and in America the politics and laws have been placed in order for the betterment of the American citizens. In this essay I will unravel many factors arguing whether violence is legitimate or whether it is a mean that is necessary to a more equal nation mostly focusing on the American Civil Rights movement and the blackRead MoreAfrican American Civil Rights Movement1525 Words   |  7 PagesFollowing World War I, a new, militant spirit of resistance and activism burgeoned among African-American citizens across the United States. Empowered by the sense that blacks had played a crucial role in the conflict, the descendants of freedmen returned home to fight for their own rights only to find persecution; this dire situation called for immediate, decisive action. During the interwar years, African Americans in the southwest Georgia Black Belt fought for community empowerment and, through theRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement Essay2200 Words   |  9 Pagesequal rights. A perfect example of racial brutality was the summer of 1955 when Emmett Till was brutally murdered by two white men. This murder case promptly seized the attention of millions and modified the history of the United States. The Emmett Till murder case established itself as a defining event in the United States history because it became a spark to the Civil Rights movement, transformed people’s hearts and minds into realizing how dangerous segregation was, and it proved how African AmericansRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1531 Words   |  7 Pagesstates for African Americans in the 1960, although it has been nearly 100 years since the Emancipation Proclamation. African Americans were still segregated from classrooms, restrooms, theatres, etc. due to â€Å"Jim Crow† laws; and in 1954, the â€Å"separate but equalà ¢â‚¬  doctrine was struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court. For hundreds of years African Americans fought for their civil rights, desegregation, and basic human rights. One significant movement in history that was major for the Civil Rights Movement

Marketing management of lenovo’s photostat machine Free Essays

Company Description: – ( INTRODUCTION ) Lenovo has a good name and frame in the market. Lenovo group limited is today the 3rd largest personal computing machine maker in the universe particularly in Asia. But one m traveling to present a new merchandise which is â€Å" Photostat machine † . We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing management of lenovo’s photostat machine or any similar topic only for you Order Now As Lenovo is a good trade name so one will non happen any sort of trouble to present a new merchandise. The procedure must turn to all the stairss to necessary to get down volume production, develop need documentation, and back up the merchandise. Improved merchandise launch consequences in faster clip net income activities are better planned and co-ordinate and more tightly integrated. System informations are better understood and system may be better integrated. System informations are demand are better integrated.The consequence in better production ramp-up, more expeditiously selling, a sale force better integrated selling the new merchandise and a service and support group better able to service and back up the new merchandise.leading to greater client credence. After Hewlett Packard, dingle. Lenovo creates a most advanced merchandises and service. Lenovo offers a heavy monetary value line and they already launched a broad scope of merchandises such as laptops, desktops and so many merchandises. BUSINESS Mission: – I am seting my merchandise portfolio to a planetary participant. It will assist in approaching future clip. i introduce a new merchandise. one create this merchandise for the creative activity of planetary platforms and development of local platforms to accommodate state specific demands. focused on cost, increasing merchandise complexness, making a multi location merchandise. In our quickly altering and extremely competitory markets successful new merchandise launch is thought by many but the job is that the deficit of thoughts and disbursal in production and marketing new merchandises without any warrant of success. No 1 know that the produst u R traveling to establish is traveling on top or it fails. Thoroughly my calling I have seen many new merchandises and talked 1000 of invitors who could hold saved themselves thousand of dollers and increase the likeliness of success if he had model for developing thoughts and fix it for market. By seeing all this one take experience and my experience leads us the following six measure procedure after establishing a Photostat machine. 1 ) First one see that who is the mark client. 2 ) How do i desire to travel to market i.e produce the merchandise, sell the thought or license the merchandise to person else to bring forth the market. 3 ) Explore the merchandise. 4 ) What are the market research stage. 5 ) Analysis and development of market program. 6 ) Execute the program and establish the merchandise By taking all this things in my head I starts work Our concern mission is launch our merchandise in such a manner that it will provide all our the worls and derive more and more net income. Selling Aim: – Marketing aims of my merchandise is to catch the attending of the clients. Aims can be set in two degrees: – 1. Corporate Degree: -These are those aims which are concern in concern as a whole or a administration. I am taking this two type of aims in establishing Photostat machine. 2. FUNCTIONAL Degree: -these are particular sort of selling activities. By these two I m besides take into consideration on smart standards which is as under: Specific- The aim should province exactly come once more? Is to be achieve. Measurable- An aim should be knowing of measurement – so that it is possible to make up one’s mind whether ( or how far ) it has been achieved. Achievable- Ahe aim should be matter-of-fact given the province of personal businesss in which it is set and the capital available to the concern. Relevant- Aims should be applicable to the people responsible for accomplishing them. Time Bound- Aims have to be set with a time-frame in head. These clip bound besides need to be realistic. CUSTOMER PROFILE: – I m traveling to establish a new merchandise of Lenovo. my merchandise is the photostate machine and I introduce this merchandise in the market it has a to maintain client profile besides. Customer profile means what are the client demands and what they except. They besides see that what are the stratergies they use 4 P ‘S OF THE LENOVO ‘S PHOTOSTAT MACHINE: – Merchandise Name- Lenovo ‘s Photostat machine is the name of my merchandise. Merchandise variety- it is new, different, usual, designed to make full an identified demand. It is launched assorted colorss. Monetary value: List price- The list monetary value of the Photostat machine is starts from 65000/ . It is less expensive Photostat machine than that of its rivals. After the new Photostat machine is being developed the following measure is to put the monetary value.Firstly I will doubtless look to market rivals for indicants of how monetary value should be set. I will put competition based pricing.Like I can see traveling rate monetary value to put monetary value. Promotion Advertising- Ad is done by utilizing assorted methods like media advertisement, intelligence paper advertisement, magazines, etc. Gross saless promotion- Gross saless publicity of Photostat machine is done by offering gifts and other points to pull the distributers. Public relations- Photostat machine is so far really good in keeping good relationship with its clients by stating them about new invention in the bing merchandise. Topographic point Locations- The Photostat machine provides a good service to its clients. Coverage- Photostat machine covers all local countries really efficaciously. This is the most of import factor, and so takes action ; make certain they can make every country so that it helps in school and concern intents. Channelss A ; Oslash ; Manufacturer to dealer A ; Oslash ; Manufacturer to client SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGHTS: A ; Oslash ; It has good productProducts A ; Oslash ; Good service quality A ; Oslash ; Global coverage A ; Oslash ; Strong and effectual use A ; Oslash ; maintain up to day of the month on what competiton is making Failing: A ; Oslash ; Entire plus turnover is one of the failing of my photostatmachine. A ; Oslash ; Lack of invention Opportunity A ; Oslash ; My merchandise has the chance to catch the market portion. A ; Oslash ; Peoples are going more conceious towards proficient accomplishments i.e computing machine cognition. So one develop a multifunction Photostat machine should aim these peoples by offering alone merchandises. Menace A ; Oslash ; The chief menaces is its rival. There are batch of rivals who lower down the sale of merchandise. Selling Plan: – Plan that inside informations a company ‘s selling attempt ; besides called action plan.marketing scheme. The selling program may be laid out for an single merchandise or for the full company and all its merchandises. In either instance, the program specifies the selling ends and aims to be achieved over a specific clip period and so lays out the assorted schemes to be followed in accomplishing them. It will besides define the duties for transporting out the program. Well I am looking to present a new Photostat machine of lenovo in the market.To full fill this intent foremost I should hold to fix a market program through which I may happen out the market state of affairss. I am following seven stairss as selling program to develop my Photostat machine in the market. These points are as follow- 1 ) Selling Environment 2 ) NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT 3 ) Pricing OF THE PRODUCT 4 ) Launching Political campaign 5 ) Ad AND PROMOTION 6 ) LOGISTIC AND SUPPLY CHAIN Selling environment The selling environment in India is undergoing a rapid transmutation, and this is peculiarly important for Indian companies. Changes in authorities ordinances and economic policies, forces of globalization and competition, and the evolving nature of ingestion behaviors are supplying important chances. Many companies have started using the chances that are emerging in the altering selling environment. As the market of consumers are acquiring educated they are giving more emphasis on quality than monetary value. Selling environment is made up of external factor which is further made up of micro and macro factors. I am taking in to consideration all these factors while establishing a Photostat machine and conveying it into the market. A big figure of forces shape the selling environment. To assist form your thought, it ‘s utile to sort the assorted forces as falling into either the ( 1. ) Direct market environment. ( 2 ) The external market environment. The direct environment of any generic market or product-market includes clients, the company, and rivals. The external market environment is broader. The variables of the external market environment autumn into four major countries: 1. Economic environment. 2. Technological environment. 3. Political and legal environment. 4. Cultural and societal environment. In the short tally, the selling director does n’t command the variables of the selling environment. That ‘s why it ‘s sometimes utile to believe of them as unmanageable variables. On the other manus, the selling director can and should carefully see the environmental variables when doing determinations that can be controlled. For illustration, a director may non be able to make anything to countervail the strengths of a specific rival, but the director can choose schemes that lead the house into product-markets where that house does non vie, or where competition in general is non as strong. We ‘ll see how they shape chances restricting some possibilities and doing others more attractive. A company must make up one’s mind where it ‘s traveling, or it may fall into the trap expressed so good by the citation: â€Å" Having lost sight of our nonsubjective, we redoubled our attempts. † Company aims should determine the way and operation of the whole concern. It is hard to put aims that truly guide the present and future development of a company. The selling director should be heard when the company is puting aims. But puting whole-company aims within resource bounds is finally the duty of top direction. In this sense, whole-company aims are normally outside the selling director ‘s â€Å" control. † It would be convenient if a company could put one aim such as doing a net income and allow that function as the usher. Actually, nevertheless, puting aims is much more complicated, which helps explicate why it ‘s frequently done ill or non done at all. The undermentioned three aims provide a utile starting point for puting a house ‘s aims. They should be sought together because in the long tally a failure in even one of the three countries can take to entire failure of the concern. A concern should: 1. Engage in specific activities that will execute a socially and economically utile map. 2. Develop an organisation to transport on the concern and implement its schemes. 3. Earn adequate net income to last. The first aim says that the company should make something utile for society. This is n’t merely a â€Å" humanitarian † aim. Businesss ca n’t be without the blessing of consumers. If a house ‘s activities appear to be contrary to the consumer â€Å" good. New merchandise development- Generating THE IDEAS The new merchandise development procedure starts with the hunt for thoughts. New merchandise development requires garnering thoughts to be evaluated as possible merchandise options. For many companies thought coevals is an on-going procedure with parts from inside and outside the organisation. Many market research techniques are used to promote thoughts including: running focal point groups with consumers, channel members, and the company ‘s gross revenues force ; promoting client remarks etc. Customer demands and wants are the logical topographic point to get down the hunt. Employees throughout the company can be beginning of thoughts for any merchandise. Screening The thoughts generated in thought coevals are critically evaluated by company forces to insulate the most attractive options. Depending on the figure of thoughts, showing may be done in unit of ammunitions with the first unit of ammunition affecting company executives judging the feasibleness of thoughts while consecutive unit of ammunitions may use more advanced research techniques. Acceptable thoughts move on to the following measure. Market Research and Analysis †¢ Situational Analysis †¢ Product/Service Analysis Our strengths are: – Low monetary values – High quality merchandises – Experienced Staff Our failings are: – Limited distribution channels Target MARKET STRATEGY †¢ Students of the university †¢ Staff of the university †¢ Corporate universe †¢ schools Business Analysis Now in concern analysis the procedure becomes really dependent on market research as attempts are made to analyse the viability of the merchandise thoughts. Much attempt is directed at both internal research, such as treatments with production and buying forces, and external selling research, such as client and distributer studies, secondary research, and rival analysis. By concern analysis we come to cognize about gauging entire gross revenues, costs and net income. PRODUCT AND MARKETING MIX DEVELOPMENT Ideas go throughing through concern analysis are given serious consideration for development. Companies direct their research and development squads to build an initial design or paradigm of the thought. I will besides get down to build a selling program for the merchandise. Once the paradigm is ready the seller seeks client input. In add-on to deriving client feedback, this measure is used to estimate the feasibleness of large-scale, cost effectual production for manufactured merchandises. Chiefly at this phase the company will find weather the merchandise thought can be translated in to a technically merchandise. Market Testing After direction is satisfied the merchandise is ready to dressed up with a trade name name and set in to a market trial. In some instances the seller accepts what was learned from construct proving and skips over market proving to establish the thought as a to the full marketed merchandise. But other companies may seek more input from a larger group before traveling to commercialisation. The most common type of market proving makes the merchandise available to a selective little section of the mark market ( e.g. , one metropolis ) , which is exposed to the full selling attempt as they would be to any merchandise they could buy. Commercialization If market proving shows assuring consequences the merchandise is ready to be introduced to a wider market. Some houses introduce or roll-out the merchandise in moving ridges with parts of the market having the merchandise on different agendas. This allows the company to rage up production in a more controlled manner and to ticket melody the selling mix as the merchandise is distributed to new areas.In commercializing a new merchandise, market entry timing is critical like if I have completed my development work and cognize that my rival is approaching the terminal of its development work so I will confront three choices-First entry, Parallel entry, Late entry. This determination involves extra consideration. It depends how we want to come in in market. Analysis of competition will include pricing by direct rivals, related merchandises and primary merchandises * Direct Competitor Pricing – Almost all selling determinations, including pricing, will include an rating of rivals ‘ offerings. The impact of this information on the existent scene of monetary value will depend on the competitory nature of the market. we must non merely research competitory monetary values but must besides pay close attending to how these companies will react to the our pricing determinations. * Related Product Pricing – Products that offer new ways for work outing client demands may look to pricing of merchandises that clients are presently utilizing even though these other merchandises may non look to be direct rivals. GOVERNMENT REGULATION We must be cognizant of ordinances that impact how monetary value is set in the markets in which their merchandises are sold. These ordinances are chiefly authorities enacted significance that there may be legal branchings if the regulations are non followed. Price ordinances can come from any degree of authorities and vary widely in their demands. Finally, when selling beyond their place market, we must acknowledge that local ordinances may do pricing determinations different for each market. This is peculiarly a concern when merchandising to international markets where failure to see ordinances can take to terrible punishments. Consequently sellers must hold a clear apprehension of ordinances in each market they serve. There are besides extra legal concerns when it comes to monetary value. STP for the merchandise After holding the merchandise development and choosing the monetary values I will travel for establishing the merchandise. In the launch run I will be demoing or presenting the assorted characteristics of the merchandise. The chief thought behind this is to do people familiar about the merchandise and here I will be ask foring all the major distributers of different metropoliss who are maintaining the Photostat machines of different companies besides so that they come to cognize about my new trade name and can hold stock with them. I can do topographic point for my merchandise in bing market by deep market survey, maintaining the monetary value less than other existing monetary value of the photostat machines. Positioning is to show the procedure. Any company, single, merchandise and service could utilize this method to â€Å" busy † a place in the heads of consumers The placement can be done by utilizing assorted mediums like giving advertizements on telecasting, newspapers e tc. Placement of the photostat machine is being done really efficaciously in the heads of clients. It is depth survey of the mark audience from the position of the audience themselves in order to take information to administer efficaciously and vouch a manner to supply consistent communicating. This will make a method which consequences in consumers memorising the company or the merchandise in a certain manner. The rule of positioning created a new epoch. With this construct widely known and accepted by the people, selling experts besides tried to link this rule with the bing selling theory systems Promotion and Ad: Promotion is a signifier of corporate communicating that uses assorted methods to make a targeted audience with a certain message in order to accomplish specific organisational aims. About all organisations, must prosecute in some signifier of publicity. Such attempts may run from transnational houses passing big amounts on procuring high-profile famous persons to function as corporate interpreters to the proprietor of a one-man endeavor go throughing out concern cards at a local bourgeois ‘s meeting. For publicity, apart from go oning the bing scheme of concentrating on T.V. channels. I would besides concentrate on advancing through wireless. Our publicity scheme is based chiefly on doing the right information available to the right mark client. In this we have to look into that what manner of advertizement we have to utilize to the advertizement of the Lenovo ‘s Photostat machine. Decision: To establish any new merchandise like Photostat machine in the market it is really customary to establish the merchandise as per a specific selling program of that merchandise. To cognize the current place of the companies that is bring forthing the same merchandises and what consumers demand from them. To maximise their net income and capturing more market portion proper analysis of each and every phase involved in selling program is really of import. If the company non doing marketing program before establishing any new merchandise so there are maximal opportunities of acquiring loss. A selling program may be portion of an overall concern program. Solid selling statergy is the foundation of a well-written selling program. While a selling program contains a list of actions, a selling program without a sound strategic foundation is of small usage. Behind the corporate aims, which in themselves offer the chief context for the selling program, will put the ‘corporate mission â₠¬Ëœ ; which in bend provides the context for these corporate aims. At the last I can reason that selling program is indispensable to do before establishing any new merchandise in the market. How to cite Marketing management of lenovo’s photostat machine, Essay examples

Barbie Doll By Marge Piercy Essay Research free essay sample

Barbie Doll By Marge Piercy Essay, Research Paper The verse form, # 8220 ; Barbie Doll, # 8221 ; written by Marge Piercy tells the narrative of a immature miss turning up through the adolescence phase characterized by visual aspects and atrocity. The writer uses imagination and fluctuating tone to depict the battles the miss is sing during her teenage old ages, and the affects that can go on. The rubric of this verse form is a good description of how most societies expect others, particularly misss to look. Constantly, people are mocked for their visual aspect and expected to stand for a # 8220 ; barbie-doll # 8221 ; -like figure. Few are # 8220 ; blessed # 8221 ; with this description. The female gender is positioned into the stereotype that adult females should be thin and beautiful. With this miss, the effects were damaging. The first stanza describes the influence that a kid is placed into during early childhood. Girls are expected to play with # 8220 ; dolls # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; ranges and chainss, # 8221 ; the usual plaything that relate to the antique responsibilities of adult females. We will write a custom essay sample on Barbie Doll By Marge Piercy Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A immature miss begins to larn what she should be for society and non to divert from the norm. The tone used in this stanza is rather soundless and simplistic at first, so takes a bend towards a more bold statement. The writer uses the # 8220 ; magic # 8221 ; of pubescence to depict the age where visual aspect comes into consequence. It? s dry that this peculiar word is used because pubescence is really a phase of emotional crisis? . A hurtful comment was made towards the kid, and she was described as holding a # 8220 ; large olfactory organ and fat legs. # 8221 ; The 2nd stanza besides begins with the subdued tone adverting the misss positive facets, such as being # 8220 ; healthy? intelligent? strong. # 8221 ; These particular inside informations are normally related to the male. Once once more, the gender features play as an implicit in factor. These qualities were non good plenty for a adult female if they were non beautiful. Thymine he stanza so takes a bend like the first turning off from the simpleness. The girl â€Å"went to and fro apologizing, † while everyone still saw â€Å"a fat nose on thick legs.† Society places adult females into the cast where they begin to set on a frontage and apologise for their â€Å"misfortunes.† In the 3rd stanza, the miss was # 8220 ; advised to play coy? ( and ) smile. # 8221 ; Women are one time once more pressured to move in a manner that is unreal, like a # 8220 ; barbie doll. # 8221 ; The # 8220 ; fan belt # 8221 ; reference in this stanza is used as imagination to depict how one? s frontage can have on out over clip, as hers did. She # 8220 ; cut off her nose and her legs, # 8221 ; in response to this. The character Nora in # 8220 ; A Doll? s House, # 8221 ; is a perfect illustration of how adult females are like dolls and do what they are told or what society expects of them. It is merely in the last stanza where the miss is dead and has # 8220 ; consummation at last. # 8221 ; She is eventually given a compliment when person said, # 8220 ; doesn? t she look reasonably? # 8221 ; The mortician was able to utilize make-up to cover the hurting and agony this kid went through, and placed her into the cast of # 8220 ; a barbie doll # 8221 ; with a putty olfactory organ and dressed in a # 8220 ; pink and white nightie. # 8221 ; These two colourss are associated with misss? and Barbies. She eventually was able to suit into the miss disguise. Through the teenage old ages, beauty seems to be a determiner for popularity and some success, which is of import to immature misss during in-between school and high school. At an early age, comments made about one? s visual aspects can damage an stripling? s personality and self-pride. In this peculiar instance, it was deathly for this kid, as it is for some. The writer was able to carry through this subject through her tone and imagination, while utilizing colourss and points associated with misss. The societies within America normally describe person as beautiful if they are thin and have the perfect organic structure, such as a barbie doll in this verse form.

Development Of Spy Planes Essays - Reconnaissance,

Development Of Spy Planes Development of Spy Aircraft 21 February 2000 Since the beginning of time there has always been conflict and inevitably war. Because of war, it is logical that enemies would seek out information about each other in order to increase their own chances of survival. Reconnaissance would be the proper terminology for gathering this information. There are many ways in which to gather reconnaissance, however I am going to talk about aerial reconnaissance and the use of spy aircraft as a method of acquiring important information. The first documented evidence of aerial reconnaissance was in 1794 when Captain J.M.J. used his captive balloon to observe his enemy at the Battle of Fleurus. The first documented use of airplane reconnaissance was in 1911, when Italian Captain Piazza spent an hour in his Blerot making notes on the Turkish positions between Azizia and Triopoli. The next year in 1912, this same pilot recorded the first aerial reconnaissance sortie using a camera. These first methods of reconnaissance were very cumbersome events because the cameras of those days would fill your entire lap. Because it greatly increased range of sight, it was extremely advantageous to observe from a higher elevation. For example, an average 6ft man can see approximately 3 miles, however, when put in an aircraft 65 feet above the earth's surface, his horizon increase to 10 miles. Moreover, put him in an aircraft 35,000 ft above the earth's surface and his horizon is no less than 230 miles. This paradigm shift in intelligence would lead to astounding innovations in aerial reconnaissance within this century. The Great War (World War I) was basically a ground war, which consisted of bloody fighting throughout an immense system of interconnected trenches. Because of this, each side needed a reliable source of intelligence about each other's movements At the beginning of the Great War aircraft had only been used as an effective fighting machine. After realizing that these high-flying aircraft could observe and bring back panoramic photographs of enemy fortifications and movements, each side began modifying aircraft to carry large cameras of the time. Most of the modifications were very simple, consisting of a hole cut in the bottom of the fuselage through which your back gunner could point and operate the camera. However, more often than not, the back gunner just basically manhandled this large robust camera into position when a target was sighted. In either case, by the end of the Great War in 1918 more than 90,000 people on all fronts, produced roughly 12,000 large photographic prints a d ay. Also, the quality and reliability of these photos were unimagined four years earlier. Pressure of four years of war had transformed aerial reconnaissance into a routine operation using extremely large but very good cameras designed for the job. (Gunston pg.8) By the time World War II began in September 3, 1939, there were many aircraft in circulation, however the U.S. had not been able to get sufficient photos of Germany for a variety of reasons. Sidney Cotton, who was an expert pilot and photographer, was contracted by the British to daringly fly his civilian Lockheed airplane over German hostile territory and come back with photos of the German fleet. He had accomplished his mission in less than a month after the War had started. Sidney Cotton went on to set up the Photographic Development Unit in Heston. The Unit became know as the Photographic Reconnaissance Unit, which was famous for developing millions of films and made great technological advances in the art of aerial reconnaissance. During the time of World War II aerial reconnaissance and intelligence gathering really came into its own. Advanced warplanes were often modified as reconnaissance platforms capable of carrying a battery of cameras at high speed and over long distances . These reconnaissance flights became a regular part of the war, and were instrumental in the planning of the D-day invasion. The Cold War, which began at the end of World War II and last until the dismantleing of the Soviet Union in 1991 called for extreme advancement in all aspects of aircraft and aerial reconnaissance. It was this sensitive period that inspired the United States CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) to fund the production of the

Increasing Atomic Number Doesnt Always Increase Mass

Increasing Atomic Number Doesnt Always Increase Mass Since atomic number is the number of protons in an  atom  and atomic mass is the mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom, it seems intuitively obvious that increasing the number of protons would increase the atomic mass. However, if you look at the atomic masses on a periodic table, you will see that cobalt (atomic No. 27) is more massive than nickel (atomic No. 28). Uranium (No. 92) is more massive than neptunium (No.93). Different periodic tables even list different numbers for atomic masses. Whats up with that, anyway? Read on for a quick explanation. Neutrons and Protons Not Equal The reason increasing atomic number doesnt always equate to increasing mass is because many atoms dont have the same number of neutrons and protons. In other words, several isotopes of an element may exist. Size Matters If a sizeable portion of an element of lower atomic number exists in the form of heavy isotopes, then the mass of that element may (overall) be heavier than that of the next element. If there were no isotopes and all elements had a number of neutrons equal to the number of protons, then atomic mass would be approximately twice the atomic number. (This is only an approximation because protons and neutrons dont have exactly the same mass, but  the mass of electrons is so small that it is negligible.) Different periodic tables give differing atomic masses because the percentages of isotopes of an element may be considered changed from one publication to another.

Logistics and operations management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Logistics and operations management - Essay Example The fundamental elements of logistics are the inventory management, capacity management and scheduling of deliveries, such that the consumers will have the desired products in their rightful quantities at the time they need to have them (Brandimarte & Zotteri, 2007:47). Therefore, on the event that the three fundamental components do not work in sync, chances are high that there will be inconveniencies caused to the intended consumers of the commodities, while at the same time there will be losses incurred by the suppliers of the consumption commodities. The whole chain of the logistic process starting with inventory management, through to capacity management and then to the delivery of the products to consumers must be systematically interconnected. The three components must remain in balance, since the success of one component determines the success of the subsequent process and ultimately the overall success of the logistical supply chain (Zavoral, 2010:5). Thus, on the event that the three components are not in balance, detrimental effects will occur both on the supplier and the consumers in terms of high costs, quality issues and market loss. High cost of commodities is a major consequence that might result out of an imbalance in the fundamental logistic components. Both oversupply and undersupply of commodities comes with associated costs (Christopher, 2010:36). Inventory management, as the first stage of logistics, is involved in the planning of inventory such that the there is balancing of the costs of maintaining additional inventory with the risks of not having the commodities when the consumers need them (Wu, 2008:16). Therefore, the inventory maintained by a logistical system must be capable of meeting the known and the unanticipated demands of the consumers, while ensuring that the costs involved are minimized to the lowest level possible. This can only be possible if the capacity management

Replacing a Legacy AIS Application Case Study Research Paper

Replacing a Legacy AIS Application Case Study - Research Paper Example Like any other system AIS is also a system consisting of different components which are interrelated to each other. Each of the sub-systems that make up the whole system performs several specific tasks which get integrated to be able to perform the ultimate task. Different components of AIS include, People, Procedures, Software, Data, and infrastructure for information technology. This study is all about the requirement of the public company which needs to replace its existing AIS. The needs and requirements of such change required by the company, a detailed analysis of all the various alternatives available to the company with regards to this change and the best possible alternative that needs to be implemented by the company have all been discussed in this study. Analysis The company being a publicly traded company must be requiring lot of transactions to be carried out every day. Hence in order to increase its efficiency, new effective AIS are the necessity for the organization. N ew AIS, replacing the old inefficient existing AIS of the company, can prove advantageous for the organization. ... New technologically improved AIS would help the company management to take various critical decisions which could have a significant positive impact on increasing the effectiveness of the management of the company, thereby increasing the profitability of the company. Various critical decisions that could be facilitated through the improved AIS of the company could be related to the accurate and precise information regarding the outstanding debt of the company, the sales trend, the assets possessed by the company, cash inflows and cash outflows, performance of the different product lines of the company, the trend of returns generated by the company, etc. AIS would primarily serve three purposes associated with it. They are a) It would help to effectively store the data related to all the business transactions of the company, b) The data would be then processed into useful information which would facilitate various decision making process and c) It would help in safeguarding the assets of the company through effective control mechanisms using AIS. Thus introducing improved AIS would help the company to have competitive advantage over its competitors and have a sustainable growth in future. However AIS has its demerits and risks as well. AIS are mostly computer based system. It mainly helps in automation of the various business processes done manually. This type of automation is associated with the risk of the inaccurate transaction data going undetected in the system. This could ultimately pave the way for the occurrence of accounting frauds. Since a larger number of users have the facility of accessing the data in the AIS, it is associated with control risk. The information might get edited by unauthorized

Integrating Leadership into Professional Practice

Integrating Leadership into Professional Practice Every organization requires good leadership to ensure successful team building (Marquis Huston, 2003) and effective management of the organization (Perra, 2000) as well as personal fulfillment. In the past, health care system was a bureaucratic organization that was locked by hierarchical models type management (Thyer, 2003). However, due to advanced in technology, information and communication; changes in politics, demographic, social economics status and patients expectation toward health care system, traditional task- orientated, routine and habitual nursing management style no longer able to meet the evolving health care system. Therefore, it is crucial for current health care worker especially nurses to integrate leadership in health care management to meet the needs of contemporary professional nursing practice and consumers requirement and expectation (Sofarelli Brown, 1998). As senior medical assistant with 10 years working experiences. Currently I am practicing at a hospital based orthopeadic department in Northern Hospital. Our unit comprises four units, orthopeadic wards, Trauma operating theater, Orthopeadic clinic, Rehabilitation unit and emergency observation room. In fact, through our professional background, as a health worker, we are well trained for the decision making skill to deal with immediate patient care, such as dislocation, polytrauma, polyfracture, fat embolism, compartment syndrome and etc. Leaders have, for the most part, been concerned with orientating the profession to focus upon developing nursing practice (Salvage, 1989). As a senior Medical assistant other than giving services to the client who came to hospital to seek the treatment , I also assign to manage newly qualify staff nurses and medical assistants to makes sure that all the job done by them is following Standard Operating Procedures and helping them to get their opport unity to upgrade their knowledge. These are our new government policy and know as monitoring internship programme. According to Chua (2006) newly graduated nurses are now required to undergo a one year practical before they can earn their Annual Practice Certificate and this is part of the efforts to arrest the decline in nursing standards in public hospitals as health centers. This paper discussed about leadership quality in my organization when mentoring newly qualified staff nurses and medical assistants. As mention by Charnley (1999) the transition from student to staff nurse has always been seen as a challenging and stressful time in the working life of a nurse. In my view to lead and contributes to the development of an organization and provides professional leadership to the practice nursing team, we must have good knowledge, attitude, skills and capability. As a mentor I have to facilitate personal and professional development through identifying gaps in knowledge and skills, encouraging reflection and providing structure feedback to enable the newly qualified nurses develop and expand their practice with safety and confidence and improve standards of care. According to Clancy (2004) although employers can influence the quality of patient care, it is the qualities of individual nurses which have a more direct effect on the way patients are looked af ter. There are numerous texts providing definitions of leadership. Marquis and Huston (2003) defined leadership as a process of empowering beliefs, moving, persuading and influencing others toward a goal mostly without any force or threat. According to Yulk (1998) leadership is commonly defined as a process of influence in which the leader influences others toward goal achievement. Meanwhile Cohen (2004) stated leadership is the best tactic that one can use to motivate others and renew interest in others in attaining goals that are for the good of all. There are three style of leadership which are autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire, as cited in Kelly-Heidenthal (2003). Autocratic leadership involves centralized decision making, with the leader making decisions and using power to command and control others. Democratic leadership is participatory, with authority delegated to others. The third style, laisser-faire leadership, is passive and permissive and the leader differs decision making. These approaches are still apparent today (Carvey, 1999), and can be used interchangeably to response to various situations. (Marquis Huston, 2000). The autocratic style can be seen as high power tactics over the group leaving very little for others to actively become involved with process changes or improvements. (Mintzberg, 1979) this style is use when the leader tells her subordinates what she want to be done and how she want it done, without getting the advice of her followers. Subordinates behavior is closely controlled through such means as punishment, reward, arbitrary rules and task orientation. According to Fieder (1967) the autocratic leadership style is based on the assumption that the leader knows everything and what is best for their organization. Subordinates cannot be trusted to do what is right for the organization. Because of this, autocratic leadership usually leads to high levels of absenteeism and staff turnover. The democratic method of leadership style is seen as the most productive within a group setting because this offers chances for their group to become one in decision making with the leader identifying individual strengths or weakness and guides the group with motivating questions and suggestions. However, the leader maintains the final decision-making authority. Using this style is not a sign of weakness; rather it is a sign of strength that your subordinates will respect. According to (Kelly, 2003) the democratic leadership style encourages subordinates participant and professional growth and promotes greater job satisfaction and improved morale. The laissez-faire style allows the subordinates to make the decision. This French phase means leave it be and is used to describe a leader who leaves her colleagues to get on with their work ( Kumar, 2006). It can be effective if the leader monitors what is being achieved and communicates this feed back to her team regularly. However, the leader is still responsible for decisions that are made. This is used when subordinates are able to analyze the situation and determine what needs to be done and how to do it. According to Daft Marcic (2001) unfortunately, the laissez-faire leadership style can also refer to situations where managers are not exerting sufficient control. Mentoring the mentorship programmed had given me the opportunity to use several of leadership style to lead the newly qualified staffs to achieve their goal and to enhance the quality of the patient care. Continuous Professional Development activities definitely improved knowledge and skill to assist newly qualified staffs in patients health education effectively, to encourage the newly qualified staffs to attend Continuous Professional Development program I use the democratic leadership style. The democratic leadership style encourages each individual to give suggestion and new ideas, and let them to decide whice the activities in Continuous Professional Development they want to attend, each individual feel valued and motivated. I also practice the autocratic style of leadership but on rare occasions especially in maintaining the Standard Operating Procedure. I will guide and coach them to develop their skills and gives them motivation to influence productivity and will provide the good quality of care to the patients. The current type of leadership is transactional leadership. Transactional leadership categorized as traditional leadership which concernig day-to-day operation in unchanged organizational system (Marquis Huston, 2003; Lindholm et al., 2000). Transactional leader represent by efficient managers that focus at on hand task, solve immediate problems, communicate clear expectation to their staff and give reward to good performance (Tatum et al., 2003). In transformational leadership, leaders and followers are able to raise each other to higher levels of morality, motivation and productivity (Marquis Huston, 2003; Lindholm et al., 2000; Spitzer- Lehmann, 1994). Transformational leader value organizational culture (Marquis Huston, 2003).Therefore, effective communication is crucial for leader and follower to share the goals and culture of the organization (Marquis Huston, 2003). The transformational leadership is the preferred model to manage todays complex and rapid ever changing healthcare environment. Transformational leadership is an empowering leadership style and one which is highly suited to the profession of nursing. Burn (1978) as cited in Kelly-Heidenthal (2003), described a transformational leader as one who empowers others. Empowerment is the process by which we facilitate the participation of others on decision-making and power sharing. Graetz, et al. (2006) described empowerment as redistribution of decision-making to involve employee or worker participation. By educating and motivating staff to practice transformational leadership, eventually the team will mature and create strong team building and high performing working culture. Hence increase health care service standard and promote cost effectiveness for the organization (Thyer, 2003). A leadership style that is empowering nurse in decision-making enable nursing practices to shift from traditional boundaries to new and effective practices. This is because health care professionals are continuing facing great challenges in dealing with patients with complicated problems. This means that nurses and nursing leaders have to be good decision-makers. However, many nursing leaders in Malaysia are adopting the hierarchal models of leadership styles which limit nurse empowerment in decision-making. This model makes it difficult for nurses to gain confidence in decision-making and skills in assertiveness and negotiations, hence prefer to adopt a submissive approach towards those who control the organizations. What is the difference between leadership and management? It is a question that has been asked more than once and also been answered in many different ways. The huge difference between managers and leaders is the way they motivate the personal who work with them. Kotter (1990) describes the differences between leadership and management in following way, Leadership is about creating change and management is about controlling complexity in an effort to bring order and consistency. Stated by Bennis Nanus (1985) managers are people who do things right and the leaders are people who do the right things. Management is defined as the action to plan, organize, direct and control staff (Marriner-Tomey, 1996). According to Allen (1998) a leader used specific skills to inspire the work of others, all leaders are not necessarily managers and all managers are not necessarily leaders, however, to be an effective manager, one must have strong leadership quality and personality. A leader is differe nt from being a manager from the following categories their point of views, actions, goals, motivation and the extent of their authority (Fieder, 1967). According to Swansburg (1996) skill of both managers and leaders are needed for successful operation of any organization. It would easy, if indeed possible, for an organization to achieve their goals if a manager did not know how to lead as well as manage. According to Grohar (1992), newly qualified nurses have found mentoring to be a useful tool for career development especially at the beginning of their career and specific defining moments such as a change of work roll. Mentoring has been accepted as a guiding of inexperienced subordinates but not at all monitoring result in the growth of the mentee. According to Hanna (1999) the young leader will learn a lot on her own and not be spoon-fed to gain knowledge from someone past experiences. This topic has attempted to broaden the understanding of the subject of leadership in nursing and to develop the theme that leadership to bridge some of gap between theory and practice in nursing, the development of the leadership, the application of leadership skills is up to us. It can only be gained through actual experience and experimentation. Actualizing goals in todays health care arena requires nurse managers to be excellent change agents and role models. Effective leadership in nursing requires skills that are both taught and practically learnt Burns (1978). According to Fielder (1967) the leadership theory a nurse choose should reflect her ideals and be one she can most effectively use. Nurses who assume leadership and management roles need to be creative thinkers, in their work demand and have to oversee that everyone else is fulfilling their duties and the patient care is of the best. In my view a good management and leadership skills are very important in this current increasing awareness of organization to meet their demands and provide excellent nursing care practices. A good leader will be able to implement effective leadership which will help to achieve unit goal by involvement by unit staffs. (2006 words)

Reliabilty and Validity

Test Reliability and Validity: Evaluation of the GRADE A+ Standardized Reading Assessment Assessment is the key to instruction and intervention, but according to Salvia, Ysseldyke and Bolt (2007), â€Å"reliability is a major consideration in evaluating an assessment procedure† (p. 119). Reliability refers to the stability of a tests’ results over time and test reliability refers to the consistency of scores students would receive on alternate forms of the same test, for example Test form A and Test form B. If a test is reliable then one would expect a student to achieve the same score regardless of when the student completes the assessment, but if it’s not reliable then a students’ score may vary based on factors that are not related to the purpose of the assessment. An assessment is considered reliable when the same results occur regardless of when the assessment occurs or who does the scoring, but a good assessment is not only reliable but minimizes as many factors as possible that could lead to the misinterpretation of the tests’ results. It is important to be concerned with a tests’ reliability for two reasons: First, reliability provides a measure of the extent to which a students’ score reflects random measurement error. If there is relatively little error, the ratio of true-score variance to obtained score variance approaches a reliability index of 1. 00 (perfect reliability); if there is a relatively large amount of error, the ratio of true-score variance to obtained score variances approaches. 0 (total unreliability) (Salvia et al. , 2007, p. 121) Therefore, it is warranted to use tests with good measures of reliability to ensure that the test scores reflect more than just random error. Second, reliability is a precursor to validity, which I will go more into detail about later. Validity refers to the degree to which evidence supports the fact that the test interpretations are correct and that the manner in which these interpretations are used is appropriate and meaningful. However, a formal assessment of the validity of a specific use of a test can be a very lengthy process and that is why test reliability is often viewed as the first step in the test validation process. If a test is deemed unreliable, then one need not spend time examining whether it is valid because it will not be, but if the test deems adequately reliable, then a validation study would be worthwhile. The Group Reading Assessment and Diagnostic Evaluation (GRADE) is a normative diagnostic reading assessment that determines developmentally what skills students have mastered and where they need instruction. Chapter Four of the GRADE Technical Manual focuses on three sections: reliability, validation and validity; but I will only be evaluating the first and last sections which are reliability and validity. The first section presents reliability data for the standardization sample by test at 11 levels (P, K, 1-6, M, H and A) and 14 grade enrollment groups (Preschool- 12th) to describe the consistency and stability of GRADE scores (Williams, 2001, p. 77). In this section, Williams addresses Internal Reliability- which addresses consistency of the items in a test, Alternate Form Reliability- which are derived from the administration of two different but parallel test forms, Test-Retest Reliabilities- which tells how much a students score will change if a period of time has lapsed between test and Standard Error of Measurement- which represents a band of error around the true score. The GRADE Technical Manual reported 132 reliabilities in table 4. that presents the alpha and split half total test reliabilities for the Fall and Spring. Of these, 99 were in the range of . 95 to . 99; which indicates a high degree of homogeneity among the items for each form, level and grade enrollment group (Williams, 2001, p. 78). In the GRADE alternate form reliability study, Table 4. 14, 696 students were tested. The forms were given at different times and ranged anywhere from eight to thirty two days. The coefficients in the table ranged from . 81 to . 94 with half being higher than . 9 indicating that Forms A and B are quite parallel (Williams, 2001, p. 85). In the GRADE test- retest reliability study, Table 4. 15, 816 students were tested. All students were tested twice, the test took place during the Fall and ranged anywhere from three and a half to forty two days. Form A of the various GRADE levels appeared similar in stability over time to performance on Form B. However since most of the sampling was done with Form A, further investigation of the stability of scores with Form B may be warranted (Williams, 2001, p. 7). The standard errors of measurement listed in Table 4. 16 of the GRADE was computed from Table 4. 1, but due to the variances in total test reliability, the SEMs ranged from low to high and due to the fact the measure of error is observable, there will always be some doubt about one’s true score. Overall it will be acceptable to assume that the reliability aspect of all levels of the GRADE Technical Manu al provides a significant amount of established evidence between test forms A and B. As noted earlier, validity refers to the degree to which evidence supports the fact that the test interpretations are correct and that the manner in which these interpretations are used is appropriate and meaningful. For a test to be fair, its contents and performance expectations should reflect knowledge and experiences that are common to all students. Therefore, according to Salvia et al. (2007), â€Å"validity is the most fundamental consideration in developing and evaluating test† (p. 143). A valid assessment should reflect actual knowledge or performance, not just test taking skills or memorized equations and facts, it should not require knowledge or skills that are irrelevant to what is actually being assessed and more so, it should be as free as possible of cultural, ethnic and gender bias. The validity of an assessment is the extent to which the assessment measures what it intended or was designed to measure. The extent of a test’s validity determines (1) what inferences or decisions can be made based on test results and (2) the assurance one can have in those decisions (Williams, 2001, p. 2). Validation is the process of accumulating evidence that supports the appropriateness of student responses for the specified assessment and because tests are used for various purposes, there is no single type of evidentiary validity that is apt for all purposes. Test validation can take many forms, both qualitative and quantitative, and in an assessment case such as the GRADE, can be a continuing process (Williams, 2001, p. 92). As stated previously, I will be evaluating two sections from Chapter Four. Section one is complete so it brings me to the last section, which deals with validity. In this section, Williams addresses Content Validity- which addresses the question of whether the test items adequately represent the area that the test is supposed to measure, Criterion- Related Validity- which addresses the relationship between the scores on the test being validated and some form of criterion such as rating scale, classification, or other test score and Construct Validity- which addresses the question of whether the test actually measures the construct, or trait, it purports to measure. The content validity section of the GRADE Technical Manual addressed 16 subtests in various skill areas of pre-reading and reading and documents that adequate content validity was built into the reading test as it was developed. Therefore, if the appropriate decisions can be made, then the results are deemed valid and the test measures what it is suppose to measure. For the GRADE criterion-related studies, scores from other reading tests were used as the criteria and included both concurrent and predictive validity. For the concurrent validity study, the section compares the GRADE Total Test scores to three group administered test and an individual administered test. They were administered in concurrence with the Fall or Spring administering of the GRADE, with data being collected by numerous teachers throughout the U. S. and all correlations being corrected using Guilford’s formula. The three group administered test given in concurrence with the GRADE Total Test suggested they all measured what they were suppose to but the individual administered test showed evidence of discriminative and divergent validity. For the predictive validity study, the section compared how well the GRADE Total Test from the Fall predicted performance on the reading subtest of a group administered achievement test given in the Spring. Three groups totaling 260 students were given the GRADE in the Fall and the TerraNova in the Spring of the same school year, but the final samples were a little small because some of the students that tested in the Fall had moved so the scores were correlated and corrected for both assessments using Guilford’s formula. Instead of 260 there were now 232 and Table 4. 2 list the corrected correlations between the GRADE and TerraNova which indicates that the GRADE scores in the Fall are predictive of the TerraNova reading scores in the Spring. The construct validity of the GRADE focuses on two aspects which are convergent validity shown by higher correlations and divergent validity shown by lower correlations. In the GRADE/PIAT-R study, shown in Table 4. 21, convergent validity is demonstrated by the high correlation coefficients of the GRADE and PIAT-R reading scores and divergent validity is demonstrated by the lower correlation between the GRADE and PIAT-R general information subtest (Williams, 2001, p. 7). Performances on reading tasks is represented by the first set of correlations and for the second set of correlations the GRADE represents performance on reading and the PIAT-R represents world knowledge. Convergent/divergent information was also provided for the GRADE/ITBS study shown in Table 4. 23. Evidence of higher correlations for the GRADE convergent validity was provided with the ITBS reading subtest, but evidence of extensively lower correlations for the GRADE divergent validity was provided with the ITBS math subtest, which would be expected for divergent validity because reading was minimal. Overall the validity data provided a considerable amount of evidence to show that in fact the GRADE Technical Manual measures what it purports and apt conclusions from test can be correctly made. So according to my judgment in evaluating the GRADE Technical Manual in the areas of reliability (internal, alternate form, test-retest and SEM) and validity (content, criterion-related and construct), the content provided by the authors in the manual and cross referenced with the content provided in the text book denotes the manual is consistent, has acceptable correlation coefficients and measures what it is suppose to measure. References Salvia, J. , Ysseldyke, J. E. , & Bolt, S. (2007). Assessment In Special and Inclusive Education (10th ed. ). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Williams, K. T. (2001). Technical Manual: Group Reading Assessment and Diagnostic Evaluation. Circle Pine: American Guidance Service, Inc.

Taco Bell Case Study

Workshop Case Study – Taco Bell Design, Layout & Process Choice â€Å"Design for Transformation† In 1999, three out of every four Mexican fast-food meals purchased in the United States were made from one company – Taco Bell. However, this market dominance may never have come about unless the company had not transformed its operations throughout the 1980’s. In the early 1980’s, Taco Bell was typical of this kind. It was essentially a job shop operation. Nearly all food production was carried out on site: – –foodstuffs were prepared from their raw state; food items such as ground beef for tacos were cooked for a period of several hours in vats; –guacamole and other sauces were made-up; –beans were washed, cleaned and cooked; Once these items were ready for sale, they were then assembled in response to a customer order. This meant that wait time at the cash register was 105 seconds on average, an even slower during peak peri ods. This type of operations led to a number of management challenges. Staff had to be scheduled and organised in shifts so that they mainly prepared food items and cleaned the unit during slack periods, whilst they assembled orders and served customers during busy times.It was estimated that the restaurant manager spent an hour each day working on his crew schedule in order to match labour supply as closely as possible to potential demand, and thereby meet the company’s cost targets. Food cost control was also a priority, which meant that a great deal of time and effort went into ensuring no menu item was prepared in too small or too large a quantity. But the complexity of this operation, lead to quite wide variations in food quality, both within single units and between units in the chain. This was not helped by inconsistency in the quality of raw materials, which were ainly sourced locally. The emphasis on in-house food production meant that that the ratio of kitchen to di ning space was 70:30. Moreover, the main assembly line where food items were made to order ran parallel to the service counter, so that employees on the line were facing away from the customers. At that time, Taco Bell did not have a drive-through window, even though 50 per cent of competitors’ sales were from this source. Beginning in 1983, the CEO of Taco Bell, John Martin, made a number of major changes to the physical layout.The food assembly line was reconfigured to have two shorter lines at right angles to the service counter. This improved product flow and improved customers’ perception of the operation. The introduction of electronic point-of-sale not only improved order taking and cash handling, but also provided improved data on which food forecasting could be made. Other changes included: – –adding new menu items; –increasing the average size of new units from 1600 up to 2000 square feet; –adding drive-through windows; the upgradi ng the decor and uniforms of staff. However, external pressures meant that Martin also had to adopt a new operations process. By the mid-1980’s, the US fast-food market had matured and competition was fierce. Previously performance was judged on growth, which could be achieved by opening new units. In the mature market-place, market share became much more significant. Labour shortages also meant an increase in labour costs, up by 18 per cent for the industry, but by 50 per cent for Taco Bell due to its relatively larger, skilled workforce.Whereas chains with burger or chicken concepts could offset this increase by taking advantage of falling food costs, Taco Bell’s food cost remained at around 30 per cent of sales. So by 1989, Taco Bell was a relatively small player in the market being squeezed by rising costs. In a series of initiatives, the operation was transformed. K-minus was a project that turned the kitchen into just a heating and assembly unit. Nearly all food preparation (chopping, slicing and mixing of vegetables and meat) and cooking was eliminated.Beef, chicken and beans arrived in pre-cooked bags, lettuce was pre-shredded, hard tortillas pre-fried and guacamole delivered in cartridges. This changed the ratio of ‘back-of-house’ to ‘front-of-house’ to 30:70, reduced staffing levels in each unit and increased the operational capacity of each unit. The SOS (speed of service) initiative was designed to respond to market research that showed customers wanted their food fast. Recipes were adapted and a heated staging area developed so that 60 per cent of the menu items, representing over 80 per cent of sales volume, were pre-wrapped ready for sale.This reduced (Total Automation of Company Operations – TACO) was an IT project designed to computerise in-store operations and network each unit to headquarters. TACO provided each manager with daily reports on 46 key performance measures, assisted with production and labour scheduling and aided inventory control. This reduced the time restaurant managers spent on paperwork by up to 16 hours a week. These process changes and the investment in technology were also accompanied by changes in human resource management. The restaurant manager’s job was now very different from what it had been due to K-minus, SOS and TACO.Taco Bell recognised that managers should now focus much more on ‘front-of-house’ and on the customer. The management structure within each unit was therefore changed along with job descriptions and remuneration packages. Much more pay was performance related, so that top managers could earn $80, 000 a year, a huge increase on previous salary scales. Selection criteria for the new restaurant managers were also adapted to reflect the new style of operation. Between 1984 and 1994, Taco Bell doubled its sales and tripled its profits. Despite this, competition remained tough.With the right processes in place, Marti n could now look to other ways in which to improve operational performance. So, in the mid-1990’s the focus switched from technology to human resources, with the growth of team-managed units and the development of the learning organisation within Taco. (Source: Brown, Lamming, Bessant & Jones, Strategic Operations Management, 2nd edn. Elsevier, 2005) Tasks Clearly from the Taco Bell case, managing the process transformation is an enormously important challenge for operations managers in both service and manufacturing settings.Success does not come about purely by having the correctly designed layout, process and technology. Other skills and tacit knowledge also come into play. Task 1 Critically evaluate how strategic operational initiatives such as K-minus, SOS and TACO struck the right balance of addressing the â€Å"hard† & â€Å"soft† operational problems Taco faced and delivering customer satisfaction. Task 2 Changing the transformational process (i. e. to t he layout, product and process control) has a direct correlation to improving customer service and satisfaction? Discuss.